Mashruca Dekeda Bosaso & Wadada Garowe – Bosaso Waxa Taldiisa Lahaa Bari & Nugal
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Bosaso; sidoo kale loo yaqaano Bender-Qazim waa magalo ka mid ah magaloyinka ugu waa wayn Somali waxayna kaalinta sadexaad u gashaa Mogadisho iyo Hargeysa.
Bosaso dhanka Puntland waa magaalada ugu wayn. Tirakoob la sameeyay 2013kii waxa lagu qiyaasay Bosaso inay ku nooshahay ugu yaraan 1,200,000 qof.
Bosaso waxay ka mid tahay magalooyinka aadka u koraya Puntland/Somalia. Bosaso waa Magaalo dhaqaalaheedu 100% ku tiirsan tahay ganacsiga ku xiran Dekeda. Laga soo bilaabo xiligii degada Bosaso la dhisay 1988 -1990kii mashruuci dawlada Italy ay Somalia ugu deeqday.
Shaki kuma jiro mashrucan balaaran dawlada Italy Somalia ugu deeqday inuu deegamada maanta Puntland la isku yiraahdo ahmiyad gaara u leeyahay, islamarkasna yahay lafdhabarta dhaqaale ee dadka reer Puntland iyo guud ahaan dakhliga mamul dawladeedka Puntland ku maareyso hawlaha dawliga ah.
Arinta muhiimka ah mawduuca kaga hadalayo ma aha danaha dhaqaale oo kaliya ay Deketa u leedaha shacabka reer Puntland iyo sida maamulka Puntland ugu tiirsan yahay dekhliga Dekeda mudadii 19 sano ay jirtay.
Ee waxaan qoramadan ku sharxayaa tariikhda iyo marxaldaha kala duwan loo soo maray hirgalinta Mashruuca Dekeda. Sidoo kale waxaan ku ifin doonaa wadada khaldan ay xukuumada Puntland u martay heshiiska DP World khilaafadka siyaasaded iyo waxyeelo dhaqaaleed oo baahansan mustaqbalka.
Ahmiyada Dekeda ee Gobalka Bari
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Gobalka Bari waa gobolka Puntland/Somalia ugu baaxad wayn, wuxuuna kulmiyaa bada Cas and bada India. Gobalka waxaa Ilaahay ku abuuray qaba’ila badan oo kala duwan. Dhinaca dhaqaalaha ama nolosha dadku ma aha mid xoola nool iyo beero ku tiirsan yihiin marka laga yimaado qaybo kooban uu ka baxo geedka Fooxa (Bayo & Mayadu ka baxdo) loo yaqaan.
Gobalka Bari 90% waxay nolol maalmeedka dadkiisu ku tiirsan yihiin xiriir ganacsi oo jira boqolaal sano heerar kala duwan soo maray ay la leeyihiin wadamada Arabta bada jaar kala yihiin. Walow ay jiraan gobalka Bari marsooyin yar yar dadku mararka qaarkood wax kala soo dagaan hadan Dekeda Bosaso ayaa xawl-mariid u ah maal-meedkooda. Gobalka Bari ma laha wadooyin si fudud isaga gooshaan hantida ganacsiga balse wuxuu leeyahay marsooyin isku xira Dekeda Bosaso iyo deegaamada gobolka fog-fog.
Dekeda Bosaso isticmaalkeeda kuma koobna Puntand kaliya waxa sidoo kale ku xiran Gobalada Dhexe iyo Bariga Ethiopia. Dhanka kale Dekeda Bosaso waxay dhamaan dekadaha Somalia kaga horeysaa waa deked ay xuquuqda ganacsatadu isticmaalkeedu u siman yihiin aysan sida Berbera iyo Muqdisho oo kale shakhsiyo fara ku tiris ah u xirneyn (monopoly). In Dekeda Bosaso isticmalkeedu yahay mid dadka u dhexa waa mida keentay in ganacsiga iyo lahaanshaha hantida reer Puntland ahaato mid baahsan (middle class).
Marxalad lagu dhisay Dekeda Bosaso
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Mashruuca Dekeda Bosaso lagu dhisay ma ahayn mid iskiis ahaa, wuxuu ka mid yahay mashaariic dhawr ah ay Dawlada Italy bixisay. Mashruuca FAI (Fondo Aiuto Italiano) qaybta Garoe to Bosaso Road ayaa gobolada Majeertenia (Nugal & Bari) la isku oran jiray ku soo aaday.
Mashrucan Italy bixisay oo wajiyo kala duwan lahaa sida Bosaso Port, Garoe Hospital iyo Garoe to Bosaso road 450km dherarkiisu yahay dakhliga ku baxay lagu qiyaasay $250 Milion (Washington Post, 2013). Xukuumada dalka Italy xiligii dagaalkii qaboobaa (Cold War) waxay xooga saartay sida dalka Somalia u sii ahaan lahaa dal ay la leedahay xiriir siyaasadeed iyo mid dhaqaale oo dhaw. Cilmi baaris aan ku sameeyay tobankii sano oo ka horeysay daglaakii sokeeye ee Somalia gashay 1991kii imisa mashariic ayuu dalka Italy Somali ka hirgaliyey;
“The reality of Italy’s cynical role in Somalia is clear from documents made available to Parliament by the Italian Foreign Ministry. They show that Italy sponsored 114 projects in Somalia between 1981 and 1990, spending more than a billion dollars”
“Italy doorka danaheeda gaarka ah ay ka laheed Somalia xaqiiqdiisa waxay ku cadahay warqdaha dokumentiga ah ee Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada u soo bandhigay Parliament Italy. Document waxaa ku cad in Dawlada Italy ay 114 mashruc ugu deeqday Somalia inta u dhaxeysay 1981 iyo 1990, waxay khasirtay in ka badan billion dollar”
Cilmi baarista waxay intaa ku daraysaa;
“Approximately $250 million was spent on the Garoe-Bosaso road that stretches 450 kilometers…….More than $40 million was spent to build a brand new hospital equipped with sophisticated machinery and operating rooms, in Corioley, south of Mogadishu”.
“Qiyaastii $250 million ayaa ku baxday wadad Garoe-Bosaso oo fidsan 450 kilometers……..In ka badan $40 million waxa iyana dawlada Italy ku bixisay dhisid Isbitaal Cusub kuna qalabeesan mashiino aad casri u ah iyo qolal qaliin, oo laga dhisay Qaryoolay, Konfurta Somalia”.
Warbixintu waxay sii fah-fahsan u sheegaysaa 114 mashruuc waxay kala ahaayeen;
“The Italian government paid about $95 million for a fertilizer plant in Mogadishu that never became operational. The Italians even established a University of Somalia — despite the fact that 98 percent of the population is illiterate. The Italian professors received salaries between $16,000 and $20,000 per month”.
“Dawlada Italy waxay bixisay $95 million mashruucii bacriminta dhulka ee Mogdisho kaasoo marna aan shaqayn waligiis. Italy waxay kaloo hirgalisay Jamacada Umada Somalia iyada oo 98 boqolkiiba shacabka Somalidu uusan waxba qorin….waxay qaadan jireen professors Somalida mushahar dhan $16,000 ilaa $20,000 bishii”.
Nuxurka warbixinta waxay sheegaysaa;
“Piero Ugolini, a Florentine agronomist who worked for the technical cooperation unit of the Italian Embassy in Mogadishu from 1986 to 1990, says that a majority of Italian cooperation projects were carried out without considering their effects on the local populations. The result, he says, were increasing social tensions that led to the civil war”.
“Piero Ugolini, oo ah Beeryaqan Ubaxa takhasusay una shaqeen jiray qayba wadashaqaynta farsamada Safarada Italy ee Muqdisho laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1990, wuxu yiri badi wada shaqaynta masharicda Italy waxaa la hirgaliyey iyada oo aan la tixgalin saameynta ay ku leedahay dadka deegaanka. Natiijaduna waxay dhashay inay kor u qaado xiisada dadka taas oo keentay dagaal sokeeye” (The Italian Connection, 1992).
Mashaariicda Dawlada Italy Somalia ka waday waxay ku soo beegmeen xiligii caalamku uu ka jiray xasaasiyad siyaasadee ee kala guurka siyaasadii kala guurka ama kala adkaantii Hanti-Wadaaga iyo Hanti-Goosidkii (The End of Cold War) dhamadkii qarnigii 20aad. Sidaa darteed xukuumada Italy xiligaa xukunka haysay waxay la kulantay buuq siyaasadeed mudo yar ka dibna Bettino Craxi arimo maamul xumo la xiriira deeqaha dalalka soo koraya Somalia kamid tahay ayuu xukun ku waayay.
Hadaba kala guurka siyaasada caalamka guud ahaan ka jirtay siiba Europe iyo xukuumada Somalia ee Siyad Bare oo xiligaa caga badan ku taagneyn waxay isla meel dhigeen in si taxadar leh mashaariicda loo hirgaliyo si daruufaha guud labada xukuumadood ku wajahan u saameen suurta-galinta mashaariicda.
Qaabka taxadarka leh ay isla qaateen labada dawladood wuxuu noqday in dadka gobalada masharicdu ka fulayso ka soo jeeda ay noqdaan kuwa iyaga hormuudka ka noqda mashaariicda; aqoonyahankoda, saraakiishooda, issimadooda iyo waxagaradka kale ee nin garboodka deegaanka degan.
Tusaale ahaan Mashruuca $250 Million ku baxaysay Garoe to Bossaso Road oo ahaa mashruuca ugu qaalisanaa waxa Masuul looga dhigay dhanka mamulka Pro. Abdirisaq Osman Jurile, Dr. Mohamed Hasan Bare, Amniga mashruuca iyo ilaalinta hantidiisa Korneel Nur Salad, Engineernimada iyo kormeelka habsamida shaqada Eng. Abas Said Jibril (AUN), Eng. Isse Said Yusuf Jabir (AUN), Eng. Abdi Bare iyo Eng. Hamud Isse Ali (technical control).
Dhanka dhaqanka waxa sidoo kale laga talagaliyey oo masuuliyad si gaara laga saaray guud ahaan in mashruuca fulo iyada oo wax carqalada dhicin Issimada kala ah; Boqor Mohamud Boqor Muse (AUN), Isslan Mohamed Isslan Muse (AUN) iyo Ugaas Yasin (AUN). Dadka masuulka mashruuca ka ahaa magacyadooda kor ku xusay dhaman waxay ka soo jeedeen gobalada Nugaal & Bari kaliya.
Nadaamka talagalyada bulshada deeganka degan mashruuca laga tala-galyey waa mida sababtay in mashruucii hirgalo sanadkii u dambeeyay iyada oo awoodii xukuumadii dhexa meesha ka baxday wadankuna kala xirmay dagaalo sokeeye ka socdaan qaybo ka mida deeganka Gobolka Banadir.
Xukuumada Dr. Gaas
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Apr 6, 2017 waxaa Puntland heshiis la soo gashay shirkada DP World ay dekada Bosaso xuquuqda la haanshaha haysanayso mudo 30 sano ah sida xukuumada erayo afka ah uga cadeysay. Taasoo DP World awood u yeelanayso maamulida iyo hormarinta dekeda Bosaso. Mudada 30 sano ah waxay bixin doontaa shirkada DP $336 Million oo loo bixin doono laba waji. Wajiga koowad DP World waxay bixinaysaa $136 Million. Halka wajiga labad bixindonto $200 Million.
DP World dakhliga guud ay mudada 30 sano ah bixinayso $336 Million, markii cadadka lacagta mudada loo qaybsho waa $11 Million sanadkii. Hada oo ay xukuumada Puntland xor u tahay dekeda sanadkii dakhli waxaa ka soo xerooda $9.6 Million. Halkaa waxaa ku cad farqi $140,000 kala jarida labada dakhli. Si kale hadaan u dhigo waxa Puntland sanad walba 30ka sano ka mida u kordhaya $140,000 markii lagu jaan-gooyo inta hada ka soo xeroota.
Hadaba markii loo bar-bar dhigo dakhliga dekeda Bosaso mudadii 27 sano ay jirtay soo gaadhay laga soo bilaabo $0 to $9.60 Million oo macnaheedu yahay average in sanad walba $351,000 ku kordhaysay intii ay ahayd sanadkii hore.
Saadaal hadii Puntland maamulato Dekedeeda mudada 30 sano soo socta waxay dakhligeedu gaarayaa sanadka u dambeeya 30ka sano $33 Million markii lagu dhufto cel-celis inta ku korarta sanadkii (tixraac warbixintii lixbilood laha ah ee wasaarada maaliyada Puntland), halka DP World 30 sano ka dib wali $11 Million bixinayso (waxa dakhliga baaqanaya magdhaw u sameen kara haday DP World dhisto infrastructure inta hada jira ka balaaran).
Dhanka kale heshiika xukuumada Puntland DP World la soo gashay ee Dekeda Bosaso ma aha mid loo soo bandhigay waxgaradka iyo ganacsatada reer Puntland waliba khaasatan ganacsada reer Bosaso. Ansixinta mashruucan dhanka dawlada waxaa lagu laaluushay xildhibaanadii shacabka wakiilka uga ahaa ka turxaan bixinta heshiisyada sidan oo kale ah.
Maadama mashruca xog la wadagista sharuudihiisa dhabta ah golayaasha kale dawlada sida sharciga galida heshiiyada caalamiga Puntland u dagsan qeexayo aysan dhicin. Waxaa warar xaqiiqdooda la hubin sheegayaan in mudada DP World heshiiska lala soo galaya 67 sano tahay faaidada mashruca 15% dad gaara sida Dr. Gaas qayb ahaan Royalty u leeyihiin (sharuudaha heshiiska oo la soo bandhigo ayaa lagu beenin karaa wararka soo baxaya).
Sidaan horey uga soo baranay sooyaalka Puntland intay jirtay mashaariicda shirkadaha shiisheeye anan deegaanka laga tala galin waxay ku dambeeyaan khasaaro naf iyo maalba keeni kara. Tusaale Apr 4, 2006 Majiyahan, Puntland waxaa ka dhacay dagaal khasaare badan keenay ka dib markii shirkad Ajnabiya Maamulkii Cade Muse (AUN) dul keenay dadka deegaanka Galgala daga ilaa hadana colaada gashay deegaanka ay tahay mida sal dhiga u ah jiritaanka Alshabab ee Galgala.
Xaqiiqda Daraasada
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Marka la fiirsho heshisyada la midka ah ay shirkada ajaanib ah ku maareeyan dekadaha dalalka soo koraya ka ganacsiga import & export wuxuu gacanta u galaa shirkado aad u kooban. Nadaamka dalka ka jiro haduu yahay mid musuq-maasuq ah sida kan Puntland oo kale shirkadaha kooban waxay noqonayaan kuwa nin-tooxsi lagu keeno (naas-nuujin) – tusaale waxaa ah shirkadaha hada qandaraaska loo siiyey maareynta Airport Bosaso.
Marka dhan walba laga daraasadeeyo Mashruucan; qaabka sharci darada ah iyo wada-tashi la’aanta, khasaaraha dhaqaale, dad iyo shirkado gaara loogu daneenayo laguna dumiyo Dekedii dadka u dhaxaysay iyada oo laga dul-dhisayo deked si gaara loo leeyahay, Puntland dani ugama jirto.
Hadaba haduu Madaxweyne Gaas wadadii Dawlada Itatly iyo Xukuumadii Siyaad Bare u maareeyen Garoe to Bosaso project u maarayn maashruuca DP World dib ha isaga celiyo ama xaalku wuxu noqonayaa mid laga dhaxlo khilaaf saameyn dhaqaale iyo mid dhiig ku daato sida Majiyahan ama Piero Ugolini horey u sheegay “The result, he says, were increasing social tensions that led to the civil war”. oo fasirkeedu yahay ” Natiijaduna waxay dhashay inay kor u qaado xiisada dadka taas oo keentay dagaal sokeeye” (The Italian Connection, 1992).
Othman MJ
Fadlan Ilaalii xuquuqda qoraalka
By: Othman A. Farole
Bosaso; sidoo kale loo yaqaano Bender-Qazim waa magalo ka mid ah magaloyinka ugu waa wayn Somali waxayna kaalinta sadexaad u gashaa Mogadisho iyo Hargeysa.
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Gobalka Bari waa gobolka Puntland/Somalia ugu baaxad wayn, wuxuuna kulmiyaa bada Cas and bada India. Gobalka waxaa Ilaahay ku abuuray qaba’ila badan oo kala duwan. Dhinaca dhaqaalaha ama nolosha dadku ma aha mid xoola nool iyo beero ku tiirsan yihiin marka laga yimaado qaybo kooban uu ka baxo geedka Fooxa (Bayo & Mayadu ka baxdo) loo yaqaan.
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Mashruuca Dekeda Bosaso lagu dhisay ma ahayn mid iskiis ahaa, wuxuu ka mid yahay mashaariic dhawr ah ay Dawlada Italy bixisay. Mashruuca FAI (Fondo Aiuto Italiano) qaybta Garoe to Bosaso Road ayaa gobolada Majeertenia (Nugal & Bari) la isku oran jiray ku soo aaday.
“The reality of Italy’s cynical role in Somalia is clear from documents made available to Parliament by the Italian Foreign Ministry. They show that Italy sponsored 114 projects in Somalia between 1981 and 1990, spending more than a billion dollars”
“Approximately $250 million was spent on the Garoe-Bosaso road that stretches 450 kilometers…….More than $40 million was spent to build a brand new hospital equipped with sophisticated machinery and operating rooms, in Corioley, south of Mogadishu”.
“The Italian government paid about $95 million for a fertilizer plant in Mogadishu that never became operational. The Italians even established a University of Somalia — despite the fact that 98 percent of the population is illiterate. The Italian professors received salaries between $16,000 and $20,000 per month”.
“Piero Ugolini, a Florentine agronomist who worked for the technical cooperation unit of the Italian Embassy in Mogadishu from 1986 to 1990, says that a majority of Italian cooperation projects were carried out without considering their effects on the local populations. The result, he says, were increasing social tensions that led to the civil war”.
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Apr 6, 2017 waxaa Puntland heshiis la soo gashay shirkada DP World ay dekada Bosaso xuquuqda la haanshaha haysanayso mudo 30 sano ah sida xukuumada erayo afka ah uga cadeysay. Taasoo DP World awood u yeelanayso maamulida iyo hormarinta dekeda Bosaso. Mudada 30 sano ah waxay bixin doontaa shirkada DP $336 Million oo loo bixin doono laba waji. Wajiga koowad DP World waxay bixinaysaa $136 Million. Halka wajiga labad bixindonto $200 Million.
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Marka la fiirsho heshisyada la midka ah ay shirkada ajaanib ah ku maareeyan dekadaha dalalka soo koraya ka ganacsiga import & export wuxuu gacanta u galaa shirkado aad u kooban. Nadaamka dalka ka jiro haduu yahay mid musuq-maasuq ah sida kan Puntland oo kale shirkadaha kooban waxay noqonayaan kuwa nin-tooxsi lagu keeno (naas-nuujin) – tusaale waxaa ah shirkadaha hada qandaraaska loo siiyey maareynta Airport Bosaso.
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